# P Value The p_value is a _probability_ of something, it is a value between 0 and 1 that quantifies how confident we are in something, the *LOWER* the p value the *LESS* likely it is to occur and is therefore not due to chance. Another way to phrase is that the p_value is the probability of something occurring naturally. If that probability is low, then the fact that it occurred is *NOT* due to chance. There are 2 types of p_values, [[One Sided P Values|One Sided P Values]] & Two Sided P Values. Two Sided P Values are the most common and [[One Sided P Values|One Sided P Values]] are potentially dangerous and should be avoided. Everything that follows is a Two Sided P Values *a p_value is composed of 3 parts* 1. The probability random chance would result in the observation _(coin flip resulting in 2 heads)_ 2. The probability of observing something else that is equally rare. _(coin flip resulting in 2 tails)_ 3. The probability of observing something rarer or more extreme _(nothing is rarer in this scenario- that a double heads or tails)_ This was to answer the hypothesis: _"Even though i got 2 heads my coin is no different from any other coin"_ When adding up probabilities with a distribution curve you add the percentages of the values under that portion of the curve. This will be done at both ends to satisfy the 3 parts of the p_value that are added together for signifigance. *Probability:* first flip: heads/tails = .5 probability of either option second flip: heads/tails = .5 probability of either option *double heads* .5 * .5 = .25 *double tails* .5 * .5 = .25 *rarer scenario* n/a --- *TOTAL* p_value = .5 .5 > 0.05 we *FAIL* to reject the [[Null Hypothesis|Null Hypothesis]] that says that my coin is no different than any other coin. Meaning that we believe that my coin is still no different than any other coin. # Documentation <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vemZtEM63GY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JQc3yx0-Q9E" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>